Excessive Axillary Sweating - Stop Sweating Start Living Review - How To Stop A Toilet From Sweating
Excessive sweating in the underarm is a bothersome problem a lot of people have to deal with. Although this problem doesn't pose a threat on your life it can become very embarrassing in your day to day life.
Are you frustrated of sweating excessively? Are you hoping for a tested remedy that doesn't just eliminate the signs or symptoms but gets rid of your excessive sweating issue for good?
This sweating condition can cause your shirts to get soaked and even worse produce a foul odor. There are many different ways people can get relief from this problem. However most people want to know how to stop underarm sweat naturally and avoid turning to expensive methods to fight the problem.
Sweating is embarrassing it stains clothes ruins romance and complicates business and social interactions. Severe cases can have serious practical consequences as well making it hard for people who suffer from it to hold a pen grip a car steering wheel or shake hands.
Here are some options you can look at to treat excessive sweating - Iontophoresis -- a device which passes direct electricity through the skin using tap water. Medication taken orally. Certain medications that reduce sweating by affecting the nerves may be recommended. Side effects associated with these medications include dry mouth constipation increased heart rate urinary difficulties and blurry vision.
In a recent Asian study they were able to locate the exact location on the gene that is responsible for excessive hand sweating. The exact practical value of that finding is yet to be determined and it will be quite a long time before a genetic solution to the problem could be found.
Excessive sweating usually happens in people aged 25 to 64 although younger people may also be affected. Interruptions to daily activities as well as other social disruptions caused by excess sweat are a common result of this condition. In some cases people don't seek treatment from a doctor because they do not realize that treatment exists to reduce the amount of sweat a person produces.
Use the Skunk Odor Eliminator to break down the organic odor of skunk spray to eliminate odor on pets and clothing. To use, Shake product Well BeFore Use. To Make Three Cups of the Solution, combine 1/2 Cup of the Product to 2 1/2 Cups of Warm Water. Rinse your Pet with Warm Water and then Apply the Solution While Wet. Let Sit 10 Minutes and then Rinse your pet thoroughly. Apply the solution a second time and then let your pet air dry. For Laundry: Allow garmets to presoak in the solution for 10 minutes. If you have difficultly removing the aroma, rinse with Equal Solution of White Distilled Vinegar and Water, Let Sit 10 Minutes and then Treat Again with Product. The product is Formulated with A Natural Bacteria and Enzyme Process That Actually Breaks Down the Organic Odor of Skunk Spray. It is Ph Balanced and Formulated For Use On Pets. Product contains Purified Water, Natural Bacteria, Enzymes, Non-Ionic Surfactant Blend and a Preservative.
Easily and safely removes tough-to-get-out skunk odors from pets, clothing, carpets and other contaminated surfaces. Fast-acting. Safe and effective formula. CLICK HERE for DETAILSSize: Quart
Unique, synergized blend of all-natural microorganisms eliminates urine, vomit, feces, oils, blood and other organics with a powerful Bio-Enzymatic Action that provides maximum breakdown and removal of odor-producing substances and the build-up they leave behind. Breaks down organic substances at the molecular level to prevent materials from off-gassing and releasing odors. Also features exclusive Odor Suppression Technology (OST). OST is not a cover-up or perfume; it provides immediate elimination of odors at the source and prevents the release of new odors. Scientifically formulated for areas where pet accidents happen. Assists in house-breaking pets by eliminating the residual odors that trigger the marking instinct. Saturate area, rinse with water, allow to dry. Safe for use on all carpets, fabrics, hard surface floors, furniture and upholstery, bedding, crates, carriers, cages, dog runs, even cars. Non-toxic, earth-friendly, biodegradable. Contains no alcohols, harsh chemicals or caustic agents. Pop-up squirt cap.
Dissolves organic matter from pet accidents, blood, food and beverages quickly and easily. The biodegradable formula will not harm or discolor carpets or upholstery, or irritate sensitive skin, eyes or noses. Easy to use and requires no rinsing. Ingredients:100% Natural. Enzyme-Based.Size: 33.80 Ounces
(Click On Image To Enlarge View) Features: O-Liminator™ is the newest and easiest way to tackle bacteria, odor and moisture buildup. Helps reduce bacteria buildup Manages moisture Lasts up to 60 Days Test studies and testimonials have proven O-Liminator™ to work better than alcohol and other bacteria and enzyme based products. The dry pellet packets are easier-to-use than liquid or spray formulas. The beauty is you pull the packets out when you are ready to use your gear, and put them back in when you are finished. Made from a multi-component compound of aromatic ingredients and utilizes the "5-B's-smell-fighter" technology that STOPS smells in their tracks Recommended for use in sports bags, shoes, sneakers, work boots, cars, closets, lockers, athletic gear, or around the house where odors may exist. Use each packet simultaneously, or store the balance in the handy screw-off plastic barrier proof container for later use. (Stored packets may last up to one year.) Available scents are P
(Click On Image To Enlarge View) Features: O-Liminator™ is the newest and easiest way to tackle bacteria, odor and moisture buildup. Helps reduce bacteria buildup Manages moisture Lasts up to 60 Days Test studies and testimonials have proven O-Liminator™ to work better than alcohol and other bacteria and enzyme based products. The dry pellet packets are easier-to-use than liquid or spray formulas. The beauty is you pull the packets out when you are ready to use your gear, and put them back in when you are finished. Made from a multi-component compound of aromatic ingredients and utilizes the "5-B's-smell-fighter" technology that STOPS smells in their tracks Recommended for use in sports bags, shoes, sneakers, work boots, cars, closets, lockers, athletic gear, or around the house where odors may exist. Use each packet simultaneously, or store the balance in the handy screw-off plastic barrier proof container for later use. (Stored packets may last up to one year.) Available scents are P
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Use the Skunk Odor Eliminator to break down the organic odor of skunk spray to eliminate odor on pets and clothing. To use, Shake product Well BeFore Use. To Make Three Cups of the Solution, combine 1/2 Cup of the Product to 2 1/2 Cups of Warm Water. Rinse your Pet with Warm Water and then Apply the Solution While Wet. Let Sit 10 Minutes and then Rinse your pet thoroughly. Apply the solution a second time and then let your pet air dry. For Laundry: Allow garmets to presoak in the solution for 10 minutes. If you have difficultly removing the aroma, rinse with Equal Solution of White Distilled Vinegar and Water, Let Sit 10 Minutes and then Treat Again with Product. The product is Formulated with A Natural Bacteria and Enzyme Process That Actually Breaks Down the Organic Odor of Skunk Spray. It is Ph Balanced and Formulated For Use On Pets. Product contains Purified Water, Natural Bacteria, Enzymes, Non-Ionic Surfactant Blend and a Preservative.
Easily and safely removes tough-to-get-out skunk odors from pets, clothing, carpets and other contaminated surfaces. Fast-acting. Safe and effective formula. CLICK HERE for DETAILSSize: Quart
Unique, synergized blend of all-natural microorganisms eliminates urine, vomit, feces, oils, blood and other organics with a powerful Bio-Enzymatic Action that provides maximum breakdown and removal of odor-producing substances and the build-up they leave behind. Breaks down organic substances at the molecular level to prevent materials from off-gassing and releasing odors. Also features exclusive Odor Suppression Technology (OST). OST is not a cover-up or perfume; it provides immediate elimination of odors at the source and prevents the release of new odors. Scientifically formulated for areas where pet accidents happen. Assists in house-breaking pets by eliminating the residual odors that trigger the marking instinct. Saturate area, rinse with water, allow to dry. Safe for use on all carpets, fabrics, hard surface floors, furniture and upholstery, bedding, crates, carriers, cages, dog runs, even cars. Non-toxic, earth-friendly, biodegradable. Contains no alcohols, harsh chemicals or caustic agents. Pop-up squirt cap.
Dissolves organic matter from pet accidents, blood, food and beverages quickly and easily. The biodegradable formula will not harm or discolor carpets or upholstery, or irritate sensitive skin, eyes or noses. Easy to use and requires no rinsing. Ingredients:100% Natural. Enzyme-Based.Size: 33.80 Ounces
(Click On Image To Enlarge View) Features: O-Liminator™ is the newest and easiest way to tackle bacteria, odor and moisture buildup. Helps reduce bacteria buildup Manages moisture Lasts up to 60 Days Test studies and testimonials have proven O-Liminator™ to work better than alcohol and other bacteria and enzyme based products. The dry pellet packets are easier-to-use than liquid or spray formulas. The beauty is you pull the packets out when you are ready to use your gear, and put them back in when you are finished. Made from a multi-component compound of aromatic ingredients and utilizes the "5-B's-smell-fighter" technology that STOPS smells in their tracks Recommended for use in sports bags, shoes, sneakers, work boots, cars, closets, lockers, athletic gear, or around the house where odors may exist. Use each packet simultaneously, or store the balance in the handy screw-off plastic barrier proof container for later use. (Stored packets may last up to one year.) Available scents are P
(Click On Image To Enlarge View) Features: O-Liminator™ is the newest and easiest way to tackle bacteria, odor and moisture buildup. Helps reduce bacteria buildup Manages moisture Lasts up to 60 Days Test studies and testimonials have proven O-Liminator™ to work better than alcohol and other bacteria and enzyme based products. The dry pellet packets are easier-to-use than liquid or spray formulas. The beauty is you pull the packets out when you are ready to use your gear, and put them back in when you are finished. Made from a multi-component compound of aromatic ingredients and utilizes the "5-B's-smell-fighter" technology that STOPS smells in their tracks Recommended for use in sports bags, shoes, sneakers, work boots, cars, closets, lockers, athletic gear, or around the house where odors may exist. Use each packet simultaneously, or store the balance in the handy screw-off plastic barrier proof container for later use. (Stored packets may last up to one year.) Available scents are P
Odor Genie is a solid gel with a layer of charcoal that absorbs and eliminates odors, unlike many air freshners that only mask odors temporarily. Odor Genie's unique formula will begin to dissipate into the air, neutralizing odors and pollutants, creating fresher, cleaner, odor free indoor air. Use it in your home, automobile, office, RV/camper, boat, storage area, gym locker, garage, or basementFeatures: • Solid gel with a layer of charcoal • Absorbs odors in areas up to 300 sq ft. • Non-toxic, biodegradableand environmentally safe • Lasts up to 60 days
Use the Skunk Odor Eliminator to break down the organic odor of skunk spray to eliminate odor on pets and clothing. To use, Shake product Well BeFore Use. To Make Three Cups of the Solution, combine 1/2 Cup of the Product to 2 1/2 Cups of Warm Water. Rinse your Pet with Warm Water and then Apply the Solution While Wet. Let Sit 10 Minutes and then Rinse your pet thoroughly. Apply the solution a second time and then let your pet air dry. For Laundry: Allow garmets to presoak in the solution for 10 minutes. If you have difficultly removing the aroma, rinse with Equal Solution of White Distilled Vinegar and Water, Let Sit 10 Minutes and then Treat Again with Product. The product is Formulated with A Natural Bacteria and Enzyme Process That Actually Breaks Down the Organic Odor of Skunk Spray. It is Ph Balanced and Formulated For Use On Pets. Product contains Purified Water, Natural Bacteria, Enzymes, Non-Ionic Surfactant Blend and a Preservative.
Easily and safely removes tough-to-get-out skunk odors from pets, clothing, carpets and other contaminated surfaces. Fast-acting. Safe and effective formula. CLICK HERE for DETAILSSize: Quart
Unique, synergized blend of all-natural microorganisms eliminates urine, vomit, feces, oils, blood and other organics with a powerful Bio-Enzymatic Action that provides maximum breakdown and removal of odor-producing substances and the build-up they leave behind. Breaks down organic substances at the molecular level to prevent materials from off-gassing and releasing odors. Also features exclusive Odor Suppression Technology (OST). OST is not a cover-up or perfume; it provides immediate elimination of odors at the source and prevents the release of new odors. Scientifically formulated for areas where pet accidents happen. Assists in house-breaking pets by eliminating the residual odors that trigger the marking instinct. Saturate area, rinse with water, allow to dry. Safe for use on all carpets, fabrics, hard surface floors, furniture and upholstery, bedding, crates, carriers, cages, dog runs, even cars. Non-toxic, earth-friendly, biodegradable. Contains no alcohols, harsh chemicals or caustic agents. Pop-up squirt cap.
Dissolves organic matter from pet accidents, blood, food and beverages quickly and easily. The biodegradable formula will not harm or discolor carpets or upholstery, or irritate sensitive skin, eyes or noses. Easy to use and requires no rinsing. Ingredients:100% Natural. Enzyme-Based.Size: 33.80 Ounces
(Click On Image To Enlarge View) Features: O-Liminator™ is the newest and easiest way to tackle bacteria, odor and moisture buildup. Helps reduce bacteria buildup Manages moisture Lasts up to 60 Days Test studies and testimonials have proven O-Liminator™ to work better than alcohol and other bacteria and enzyme based products. The dry pellet packets are easier-to-use than liquid or spray formulas. The beauty is you pull the packets out when you are ready to use your gear, and put them back in when you are finished. Made from a multi-component compound of aromatic ingredients and utilizes the "5-B's-smell-fighter" technology that STOPS smells in their tracks Recommended for use in sports bags, shoes, sneakers, work boots, cars, closets, lockers, athletic gear, or around the house where odors may exist. Use each packet simultaneously, or store the balance in the handy screw-off plastic barrier proof container for later use. (Stored packets may last up to one year.) Available scents are P
(Click On Image To Enlarge View) Features: O-Liminator™ is the newest and easiest way to tackle bacteria, odor and moisture buildup. Helps reduce bacteria buildup Manages moisture Lasts up to 60 Days Test studies and testimonials have proven O-Liminator™ to work better than alcohol and other bacteria and enzyme based products. The dry pellet packets are easier-to-use than liquid or spray formulas. The beauty is you pull the packets out when you are ready to use your gear, and put them back in when you are finished. Made from a multi-component compound of aromatic ingredients and utilizes the "5-B's-smell-fighter" technology that STOPS smells in their tracks Recommended for use in sports bags, shoes, sneakers, work boots, cars, closets, lockers, athletic gear, or around the house where odors may exist. Use each packet simultaneously, or store the balance in the handy screw-off plastic barrier proof container for later use. (Stored packets may last up to one year.) Available scents are P
This report explores the differences between what consumers think they are buying and what they are actually getting. It focuses in very general terms on the most visible name brands — the pet food labels that are mass-distributed to supermarkets and discount stores — but there are many highly respected brands that may be guilty of the same offenses.
What most consumers don't know is that the pet food industry is an extension of the human food and agriculture industries. Pet food provides a convenient way for slaughterhouse offal, grains considered "unfit for human consumption," and similar waste products to be turned into profit. This waste includes intestines, udders, heads, hooves, and possibly diseased and cancerous animal parts.
The Players
The pet food market has been dominated in the last few years by the acquisition of big companies by even bigger companies. With $15 billion a year at stake in the U.S. and rapidly expanding foreign markets, it's no wonder that some are greedy for a larger piece of the pie.
Nestlé's bought Purina to form Nestlé Purina Petcare Company (Fancy Feast, Alpo, Friskies, Mighty Dog, Dog Chow, Cat Chow, Puppy Chow, Kitten Chow, Beneful, One, ProPlan, DeliCat, HiPro, Kit'n'Kaboodle, Tender Vittles, Purina Veterinary Diets).
Del Monte gobbled up Heinz (MeowMix, Gravy Train, Kibbles 'n Bits, Wagwells, 9Lives, Cycle, Skippy, Nature's Recipe, and pet treats Milk Bone, Pup-Peroni, Snausages, Pounce).
MasterFoods owns Mars, Inc., which consumed Royal Canin (Pedigree, Waltham's, Cesar, Sheba, Temptations, Goodlife Recipe, Sensible Choice, Excel).
Other major pet food makers are not best known for pet care, although many of their household and personal care products do use ingredients derived from animal by-products:
Procter and Gamble (P&G) purchased The Iams Company (Iams, Eukanuba) in 1999. P&G shortly thereafter introduced Iams into grocery stores, where it did very well.
Colgate-Palmolive bought Hill's Science Diet (founded in 1939) in 1976 (Hill's Science Diet, Prescription Diets, Nature's Best).
Private labelers (who make food for "house" brands like Kroger and Wal-Mart) and co-packers (who produce food for other pet food makers) are also major players. Three major companies are Doane Pet Care, Diamond, and Menu Foods; they produce food for dozens of private label and brand names. Interestingly, all 3 of these companies have been involved in pet food recalls that sickened or killed many pets.
Many major pet food companies in the United States are subsidiaries of gigantic multinational corporations. From a business standpoint, pet food fits very well with companies making human products. The multinationals have increased bulk-purchasing power; those that make human food products have a captive market in which to capitalize on their waste products; and pet food divisions have a more reliable capital base and, in many cases, a convenient source of ingredients.
The Pet Food Institute — the trade association of pet food manufacturers — has acknowledged the use of by-products in pet foods as additional income for processors and farmers: "The growth of the pet food industry not only provided pet owners with better foods for their pets, but also created profitable additional markets for American farm products and for the byproducts of the meat packing, poultry, and other food industries which prepare food for human consumption."1
Label Basics
There are special labeling requirements for pet food, all of which are contained in the annually revised Official Publication of AAFCO.2 While AAFCO does not regulate pet food, it does provide model regulations and standards that are followed by U.S. pet food makers.
The name of the food provides the first indication of the food's content. The use of the terms "all" or "100%" cannot be used "if the product contains more than one ingredient, not including water sufficient for processing, decharacterizing agents, or trace amounts of preservatives and condiments."
The "95% Rule" applies when the ingredient(s) derived from animals, poultry, or fish constitutes at least 95% or more of the total weight of the product (or 70% excluding water for processing). Because all-meat diets are not nutritionally balanced and cause severe deficiencies if fed exclusively, they fell out of favor for many years. However, due to rising consumer interest in high quality meat products, several companies are now promoting 95% and 100% canned meats as a supplemental feeding option.
The "dinner" product is defined by the "25% Rule," which applies when "an ingredient or a combination of ingredients constitutes at least 25% of the weight of the product (excluding water sufficient for processing)", or at least 10% of the dry matter weight; and a descriptor such as "recipe," "platter," "entree," and "formula." A combination of ingredients included in the product name is permissible when each ingredient comprises at least 3% of the product weight, excluding water for processing, and the ingredient names appear in descending order by weight.
The "With" rule allows an ingredient name to appear on the label, such as "with real chicken," as long as each such ingredient constitutes at least 3% of the food by weight, excluding water for processing.
The "flavor" rule allows a food to be designated as a certain flavor as long as the ingredient(s) are sufficient to "impart a distinctive characteristic" to the food. Thus, a "beef flavor" food may contain a small quantity of digest or other extract of tissues from cattle, or even an artificial flavor, without containing any actual beef meat at all.
The ingredient list is the other major key to what's really in that bag or can. Ingredients must be listed in descending order of weight. The ingredient names are legally defined. For instance, "meat" refers to only cows, pigs, goats and sheep, and only includes specified muscle tissues. Detailed definitions are published in AAFCO's Official Publication, revised annually, but can also be found in many places online.
The guaranteed analysis provides a very general guide to the composition of the food. Crude protein, fat, and fiber, and total moisture are required to be listed. Some companies also voluntarily list taurine, Omega fatty acids, magnesium, and other items that they deem important — by marketing standards.
Pet Food Standards and Regulations
The National Research Council (NRC) of the Academy of Sciences set the nutritional standards for pet food that were used by the pet food industry until the late 1980s. The original NRC standards were based on purified diets, and required feeding trials for pet foods claimed to be "complete" and "balanced." The pet food industry found the feeding trials too restrictive and expensive, so AAFCO designed an alternate procedure for claiming the nutritional adequacy of pet food, by testing the food for compliance with "Nutrient Profiles." AAFCO also created "expert committees" for canine and feline nutrition, which developed separate canine and feline standards.
While feeding trials are sometimes still done, they are expensive and time-consuming. A standard chemical analysis may also be used to make sure that a food meets the profiles. In either case, there will be a statement on the label stating which method was used. However, because of the "family rule" in the AAFCO book, a label can say that feeding tests were done if it is "similar" to a food that was actually tested on live animals. There is no way to distinguish the lead product from its "family members." The label will also state whether the product is nutritionally adequate (complete and balanced), and what life stage (adult or growth) the food is for. A food that says "all life stages" meets the growth standards and can be fed to all ages.
Chemical analysis, however, does not address the palatability, digestibility, or biological availability of nutrients in pet food. Thus it is unreliable for determining whether a food will provide an animal with sufficient nutrients. To compensate for the limitations of chemical analysis, AAFCO added a "safety factor," which was to exceed the minimum amount of nutrients required to meet the complete and balanced requirements.
In 2006, new NRC standards were published; but it will take several years for AAFCO's profiles to be updated and adopted, let alone accepted by the states.
The pet food industry loves to say that it's more highly regulated than human food, but that's just not true. Pet food exists in a bit of a regulatory vacuum; laws are on the books, but enforcement is another story. The FDA has nominal authority over pet foods shipped across state lines. But the real "enforcers" are the feed control officials in each state. They are the ones who actually look at the food and, in many instances, run basic tests to make sure the food meets its Guaranteed Analysis, the chart on the label telling how much protein, fat, moisture, and fiber are present. But regulation and enforcement vary tremendously from state to state. Some, like Texas, Minnesota, and Kentucky, run extensive tests and strictly enforce their laws; others, like California, do neither.
The Manufacturing Process: How Pet Food Is Made
Dry Food
The vast majority of dry food is made with a machine called an extruder. First, materials are blended in accordance with a recipe created with the help of computer programs that provide the nutrient content of each proposed ingredient. For instance, corn gluten meal has more protein than wheat flour. Because the extruder needs a consistent amount of starch and low moisture to work properly, dry ingredients — such as rendered meat-and-bone-meal, poultry by-product meal, grains, and flours — predominate.
The dough is fed into the screws of an extruder. It is subjected to steam and high pressure as it is pushed through dies that determine the shape of the final product, much like the nozzles used in cake decorating. As the hot, pressurized dough exits the extruder, it is cut by a set of rapidly whirling knives into tiny pieces. As the dough reaches normal air pressure, it expands or "puffs" into its final shape. The food is allowed to dry, and then is usually sprayed with fat, digests, or other compounds to make it more palatable. When it is cooled, it can be bagged.
Although the cooking process kills bacteria in the ingredients, the final product can pick up more bacteria during the subsequent drying, coating, and packaging process. Some experts warn that getting dry food wet can allow the bacteria on the surface to multiply and make pets sick. Do not mix dry food with water, milk, canned food, or other liquids.
A few dog foods are baked at high temperatures (over 500°F) rather than extruded. This produces a sheet of dense, crunchy material that is then broken into irregular chunks, much like crumbling crackers into soup. It is relatively palatable without the sprayed-on fats and other enhancers needed on extruded dry food.
Semi-moist foods and many pet treats are also made with an extruder. To be appealing to consumers and to keep their texture, they contain many additives, colorings, and preservatives; they are not a good choice for a pet's primary diet.
Wet Food
Wet or canned food begins with ground ingredients mixed with additives. If chunks are required, a special extruder forms them. Then the mixture is cooked and canned. The sealed cans are then put into containers resembling pressure cookers and commercial sterilization takes place. Some manufacturers cook the food right in the can.
Wet foods are quite different in content from dry or semi-moist foods. While many canned foods contain by-products of various sorts, they are "fresh" and not rendered or processed (although they are often frozen for transport and storage). Wet foods usually contain much more protein, and it's often a little higher quality, than dry foods. They also have more moisture, which is better for cats. They are packaged in cans or pouches.
Comparing Food Types
Because of the variation in water content, it is impossible to directly compare labels from different kinds of food without a mathematical conversion to "dry matter basis." The numbers can be very deceiving. For instance, a canned food containing 10% protein actually has much more protein than a dry food with 30% protein.
To put the foods on a level playing field, first calculate the dry matter content by subtracting the moisture content given on the label from 100%. Then divide the ingredient by the dry matter content. For example, a typical bag of dry cat food contains 30% protein on the label, but 32% on a dry-matter basis (30% divided by its dry matter content, 100-6% moisture = 94%). A can of cat food might contain 12% protein on the label, but almost 43% on a dry-matter basis (12% divided by its dry matter content, 100-72% moisture = 28%). Dry food typically contains less than 10% water, while canned food contains 78% or more water.
Pet Food Ingredients
Animal Protein
Dogs and cats are carnivores, and do best on a meat-based diet. The protein used in pet food comes from a variety of sources. When cattle, swine, chickens, lambs, or other animals are slaughtered, lean muscle tissue is trimmed away from the carcass for human consumption, along with the few organs that people like to eat, such as tongues and tripe.
However, about 50% of every food animal does not get used in human foods. Whatever remains of the carcass — heads, feet, bones, blood, intestines, lungs, spleens, livers, ligaments, fat trimmings, unborn babies, and other parts not generally consumed by humans — is used in pet food, animal feed, fertilizer, industrial lubricants, soap, rubber, and other products. These "other parts" are known as "by-products." By-products are used in feed for poultry and livestock as well as in pet food.
The nutritional quality of by-products, meals, and digests can vary from batch to batch. James Morris and Quinton Rogers, of the University of California at Davis Veterinary School, assert that, "[pet food] ingredients are generally by-products of the meat, poultry and fishing industries, with the potential for a wide variation in nutrient composition. Claims of nutritional adequacy of pet foods based on the current Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) nutrient allowances (‘profiles') do not give assurances of nutritional adequacy and will not until ingredients are analyzed and bioavailability values are incorporated."3
Meat or poultry "by-products" are very common in wet pet foods. Remember that "meat" refers to only cows, swine, sheep, and goats. Since sheep and goats are rare compared to the 37 million cows and 100 million hogs slaughtered for food every year, nearly all meat by-products come from cattle and pigs.
The better brands of pet food, such as many "super-premium," "natural," and "organic" varieties, do not use by-products. On the label, you'll see one or more named meats among the first few ingredients, such as "turkey" or "lamb." These meats are still mainly leftover scraps; in the case of poultry, bones are allowed, so "chicken" consists mainly of backs and frames—the spine and ribs, minus their expensive breast meat. The small amount of meat left on the bones is the meat in the pet food. Even with this less-attractive source, pet food marketers are very tricky when talking about meat, so this is explained further in the section on "Marketing Magic" below.
Meat meals, poultry meals, by-product meals, and meat-and-bone meal are common ingredients in dry pet foods. The term "meal" means that these materials are not used fresh, but have been rendered. While there are chicken, turkey, and poultry by-product meals there is no equivalent term for mammal "meat by-product meal" — it is called "meat-and-bone-meal." It may also be referred to by species, such as "beef-and-bone-meal" or "pork-and-bone-meal."
What is rendering? As defined by Webster's Dictionary, to render is "to process as for industrial use: to render livestock carcasses and to extract oil from fat, blubber, etc., by melting." In other words, raw materials are dumped into large vat and boiled for several hours. Rendering separates fat, removes water, and kills bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other organisms. However, the high temperatures used (270°F/130°C) can alter or destroy natural enzymes and proteins found in the raw ingredients.
Because of persistent rumors that rendered by-products contain dead dogs and cats, the FDA conducted a study looking for pentobarbital, the most common euthanasia drug, in pet foods. They found it. Ingredients that were most commonly associated with the presence of pentobarbital were meat-and-bone-meal and animal fat. However, they also used very sensitive tests to look for canine and feline DNA, which were not found. Industry insiders admit that rendered pets and roadkill were used in pet food some years ago. Although there are still no laws or regulations against it, the practice is uncommon today, and pet food companies universally deny that their products contain any such materials. However, so-called "4D" animals (dead, dying, diseased, disabled) were only recently banned for human consumption and are still legitimate ingredients for pet food.
Vegetable Protein
The amount of grain and vegetable products used in pet food has risen dramatically over time. Plant products now replace a considerable proportion of the meat that was used in the earliest commercial pet foods. This has led to severe nutritional deficiencies that have been corrected along the way, although many animals died before science caught up.
Most dry foods contain a large amount of cereal grain or starchy vegetables to provide texture. These high-carbohydrate plant products also provide a cheap source of "energy" — the rest of us call it "calories." Gluten meals are high-protein extracts from which most of the carbohydrate has been removed. They are often used to boost protein percentages without expensive animal-source ingredients. Corn gluten meal is the most commonly used for this purpose. Wheat gluten is also used to create shapes like cuts, bites, chunks, shreds, flakes, and slices, and as a thickener for gravy. In most cases, foods containing vegetable proteins are among the poorer quality foods.
A recent fad, "low-carb" pet food, has some companies steering away from grains, and using potatoes, green peas, and other starchy vegetables as a substitute. Except for animals that are allergic to grains, dry low-carb diets offer no particular advantage to pets. They also tend to be very high in fat and, if fed free-choice, will result in weight gain. Canned versions are suitable for prevention and treatment of feline diabetes, and as part of a weight loss program, as well as for maintenance.
Animal and Poultry Fat
There's a unique, pungent odor to a new bag of dry pet food — what is the source of that smell? It is most often rendered animal fat, or vegetable fats and oils deemed inedible for humans. For example, used restaurant grease was rendered and routed to pet foods for several years, but a more lucrative market is now in biodiesel fuel production.
These fats are sprayed directly onto extruded kibbles and pellets to make an otherwise bland or distasteful product palatable. The fat also acts as a binding agent to which manufacturers add other flavor enhancers such as "animal digests" made from processed by-products. Pet food scientists have discovered that animals love the taste of these sprayed fats. Manufacturers are masters at getting a dog or a cat to eat something she would normally turn up her nose at.
What Happened to the Nutrients?
Cooking and other processing of meat and by-products used in pet food can greatly diminish their nutritional value, although cooking increases the digestibility of cereal grains and starchy vegetables.
To make pet food nutritious, pet food manufacturers must "fortify" it with vitamins and minerals. Why? Because the ingredients they are using are not wholesome, their quality may be extremely variable, and the harsh manufacturing practices destroy many of the nutrients the food had to begin with.
Proteins are especially vulnerable to heat, and become damaged, or "denatured," when cooked. Because dry foods ingredients are cooked twice — first during rendering and again in the extruder — problems are much more common than with canned or homemade foods. Altered proteins may contribute to food intolerances, food allergies, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Additives in Processed Pet Foods
Many chemicals are added to commercial pet foods to improve the taste, stability, characteristics, or appearance of the food. Additives provide no nutritional value. Additives include emulsifiers to prevent water and fat from separating, antioxidants to prevent fat from turning rancid, and artificial colors and flavors to make the product more attractive to consumers and more palatable to their companion animals.
A wide variety of additives are allowed in animal feed and pet food, not counting vitamins and minerals. Not all of them are actually used in pet food. Additives can be specifically approved, or they can fall into the category of "Generally Recognized as Safe" (GRAS).
All commercial pet foods must be preserved so they stay fresh and appealing to our animal companions. Canning is itself a preserving process, so canned foods need little or no additional help. Some preservatives are added to ingredients or raw materials by the suppliers, and others may be added by the manufacturer. The U.S. Coast Guard, for instance, requires fish meal to be heavily preserved with ethoxyquin or equivalent antioxidant. Evidently, spoiling fish meal creates such intense heat that ship explosions and fires resulted.
Because manufacturers need to ensure that dry foods have a long shelf life (typically 12 months) to remain edible through shipping and storage, fats used in pet foods are preserved with either synthetic or "natural" preservatives. Synthetic preservatives include butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), propyl gallate, propylene glycol (also used as a less-toxic version of automotive antifreeze), and ethoxyquin. For these antioxidants, there is little information documenting their toxicity, safety, interactions, or chronic use in pet foods that may be eaten every day for the life of the animal. Propylene glycol was banned in cat food because it causes anemia in cats, but it is still allowed in dog food.
Potentially cancer-causing agents such as BHA, BHT, and ethoxyquin are permitted at relatively low levels. The use of these chemicals in pet foods has not been thoroughly studied, and long term build-up of these agents may ultimately be harmful. Due to questionable data in the original study on its safety, ethoxyquin's manufacturer, Monsanto, was required to perform a new, more rigorous study. This was completed in 1996. Even though Monsanto found no significant toxicity associated with its own product, in July 1997 the FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine requested that manufacturers voluntarily reduce the maximum level for ethoxyquin by half, to 75 parts per million. While some pet food critics and veterinarians believe that ethoxyquin is a major cause of disease, skin problems, and infertility in dogs, others claim it is the safest, strongest, most stable preservative available for pet food. Ethoxyquin is approved for use in human food for preserving spices, such as cayenne and chili powder, at a level of 100 ppm — but it would be very difficult for even the most hard-core spice lover to consume as much chili powder every day as a dog would eat dry food. Ethoxyquin has never been tested for safety in cats. Despite this, it is commonly used in veterinary diets for both cats and dogs.
Many pet food makers have responded to consumer concern, and are now using "natural" preservatives such as Vitamin C (ascorbate), Vitamin E (mixed tocopherols), and oils of rosemary, clove, or other spices, to preserve the fats in their products. The shelf life is shorter, however — only about 6 months.
Individual ingredients, such as fish meal, may have preservatives added before they reach the pet food manufacturer. Federal law requires fat preservatives to be disclosed on the label; however, pet food companies do not always comply with this law.
Danger Ahead
Potential Contaminants
Given the types of things manufacturers put in pet food, it is not surprising that bad things sometimes happen. Ingredients used in pet food are often highly contaminated with a wide variety of toxic substances. Some of these are destroyed by processing, but others are not.
Bacteria. Slaughtered animals, as well as those that have died because of disease, injury, or natural causes, are sources of meat, by-products, and rendered meals. An animal that died on the farm might not reach a rendering plant until days after its death. Therefore the carcass is often contaminated with bacteria such as Salmonellaand E. coli. Dangerous E. Coli bacteria are estimated to contaminate more than 50% of meat meals. While the cooking process may kill bacteria, it does not eliminate the endotoxins some bacteria produce during their growth. These toxins can survive processing, and can cause sickness and disease. Pet food manufacturers do not test their products for bacterial endotoxins. Because sick or dead animals can be processed as pet foods, the drugs that were used to treat or euthanize them may still be present in the end product. Penicillin and pentobarbital are just two examples of drugs that can pass through processing unchanged. Antibiotics used in livestock production are also thought to contribute to antibiotic resistance in humans.
Mycotoxins. Toxins from mold or fungi are called mycotoxins. Modern farming practices, adverse weather conditions, and improper drying and storage of crops can contribute to mold growth. Pet food ingredients that are most likely to be contaminated with mycotoxins are grains such as wheat and corn, and fish meal.
Chemical Residue. Pesticides and fertilizers may leave residue on plant products. Grains that are condemned for human consumption by the USDA due to residue may legally be used, without limitation, in pet food.
GMOs. Genetically modified plant products are also of concern. By 2006, 89% of the planted area of soybeans, 83% of cotton, and 61% of maize (corn) in the U.S. were genetically modified varieties. Cottonseed meal is a common ingredient of cattle feed; soy and corn are used directly in many pet foods.
Acrylamide. This is a carcinogenic compound formed at cooking temperatures of about 250°F in foods containing certain sugars and the amino acid asparagine (found in large amounts in potatoes and cereal grains). It is formed in a chemical process called the Maillard reaction.4, 5 Most dry pet foods contain cereal grains or potatoes, and they are processed at high temperatures (200–300°F at high pressure during extrusion; baked foods are cooked at well over 500°F); these are perfect conditions for the Maillard reaction. In fact, the Maillard reaction is considered desirable in the production of pet food because it imparts a palatable taste, even though it reduces the bioavailability of some amino acids, including taurine and lysine.6 The content and potential effects of acrylamide formation in pet foods are unknown.
Pet Food Recalls
When things go really wrong and serious problems are discovered in pet food, the company usually works with the FDA to coordinate a recall of the affected products. While many recalls have been widely publicized, quite a few have not.
In 1995, Nature's Recipe recalled almost a million pounds of dry dog and cat food after consumers complained that their pets were vomiting and losing their appetite. The problem was a fungus that produced vomitoxin contaminating the wheat.
In 1999, Doane Pet Care recalled more than a million bags of corn-based dry dog food contaminated with aflatoxin. Products included Ol' Roy (Wal-Mart's brand) and 53 other brands. This time, the toxin killed 25 dogs.
In 2000, Iams recalled 248,000 pounds of dry dog food distributed in 7 states due to excess DL-Methionine Amino Acid, a urinary acidifier.
In 2003, a recall was made by Petcurean "Go! Natural" pet food due to circumstantial association with some dogs suffering from liver disease; no cause was ever found.
In late 2005, a similar recall by Diamond Foods was announced; this time the moldy corn contained a particularly nasty fungal product called aflatoxin; 100 dogs died.
Also in 2005, 123,000 pounds of cat and dog treats were recalled due to Salmonella contamination.
In 2006, more than 5 million cans of Ol' Roy, American Fare, and other dog foods distributed in the southeast were recalled by the manufacturer, Simmons Pet Food, because the cans' enamel lining was flaking off into the food.
Also in 2006, Merrick Pet Care recalled almost 200,000 cans of "Wingalings" dog food when metal tags were found in some samples.
In the most deadly recall of 2006, 4 prescription canned dog and cat foods were recalled by Royal Canin (owned by Mars). The culprit was a serious overdose of Vitamin D that caused calcium deficiency and kidney disease.
In February 2007, the FDA issued a warning to consumers not to buy "Wild Kitty," a frozen food containing raw meat. Routine testing by FDA had revealed Salmonella in the food. FDA specifically warned about the potential for illness in humans, not pets. There were no reports of illness or death of any pets, and the food was not recalled.
In March 2007, the most lethal pet food in history was the subject of the largest recall ever. Menu Foods recalled more than 100 brands including Iams, Eukanuba, Hill's Science Diet, Purina Mighty Dog, and many store brands including Wal-Mart's. Thousands of pets were sickened (the FDA received more than 17,000 reports) and an estimated 20% died from acute renal failure caused by the food. Cats were more frequently and more severely affected than dogs. The toxin was initially believed to be a pesticide, the rat poison "aminopterin" in one of the ingredients. In April, scientists discovered high levels of melamine, a chemical used in plastics and fertilizers, in wheat gluten and rice protein concentrate imported from China. The melamine had been purposefully added to the ingredients to falsely boost their protein content. Subsequent tests revealed that the melamine-tainted ingredients had also been used in feed for cows, pigs, and chickens and thousands of animals were quarantined and destroyed. In early May, scientists identified the cause of the rapid onset kidney disease that had appeared in dogs and cats as a reaction caused by the combination of melamine and cyanuric acid, both unauthorized chemicals. The fallout from this recall is ongoing as of May 2007 so please be sure to check the FDA website for the most recent updates.
Nutrition-Related Diseases
The idea that one pet food provides all the nutrition a companion animal will ever need for its entire life is a dangerous myth.
Today, the diets of cats and dogs are a far cry from the variable meat-based diets that their ancestors ate. The unpleasant results of grain-based, processed, year-in and year-out diets are common. Health problems associated with diet include:
Urinary tract disease. Plugs, crystals, and stones are more common in cats eating dry diets, due to the chronic dehydration and highly concentrated urine they cause. "Struvite" stones used to be the most common type in cats, but another more dangerous type, calcium oxalate, has increased and is now tied with struvite. Manipulation of manufactured cat food formulas to increase the acidity of urine has caused the switch. Dogs can also form stones as a result of their diet.
Kidney disease. Chronic dehydration associated with dry diets may also be a contributing factor in the development of kidney disease and chronic renal failure in older cats. Cats have a low thirst drive; in the wild they would get most of their water from their prey. Cats eating dry food do not drink enough water to make up for the lack of moisture in the food. Cats on dry food diets drink more water, but the total water intake of a cat eating canned food is twice as great.7
Dental disease. Contrary to the myth propagated by pet food companies, dry food is not good for teeth.8 Given that the vast majority of pets eat dry food, yet the most common health problem in pets is dental disease, this should be obvious. Humans do not floss with crackers, and dry food does not clean the teeth.
Obesity. Feeding recommendations or instructions on the packaging are sometimes inflated so that the consumer will end up feeding — and purchasing — more food. One of the most common health problems in pets, obesity, may also be related to high-carb, high-calorie dry foods. Both dogs and cats respond to low-carb wet food diets. Overweight pets are more prone to arthritis, heart disease, and diabetes. Dry cat food is now considered the cause of feline diabetes; prevention and treatment include switching to a high protein, high moisture, low-carb diet.
Chronic digestive problems. Chronic vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, and inflammatory bowel disease are among the most frequent illnesses treated. These are often the result of an allergy or intolerance to pet food ingredients. The market for "limited antigen" or "novel protein" diets is now a multi-million dollar business. These diets were formulated to address the increasing intolerance to commercial foods that pets have developed. Even so, an animal that tends to develop allergies can develop allergies to the new ingredients, too. One twist is the truly "hypoallergenic" food that has had all its proteins artificially chopped into pieces smaller than can be recognized and reacted to by the immune system. Yet there are documented cases of animals becoming allergic to this food, too. It is important to change brands, flavors, and protein sources every few months to prevent problems.
Bloat. Feeding only one meal per day can cause the irritation of the esophagus by stomach acid, and appears to be associated with gastric dilitation and volvulus (canine bloat). Feeding two or more smaller meals is better.
Heart disease. An often-fatal heart disease in cats and some dogs is now known to be caused by a deficiency of the amino acid taurine. Blindness is another symptom of taurine deficiency. This deficiency was due to inadequate amounts of taurine in cat food formulas, which in turn had occurred due to decreased amounts of animal proteins and increased reliance on carbohydrates. Cat foods are now supplemented with taurine. New research suggests that some dog breeds are susceptible to the same condition. Supplementing taurine may also be helpful for dogs, but as yet few manufacturers are adding extra taurine to dog food.
Hyperthyroidism. There is also evidence that hyperthyroidism in cats may be related to diet. This is a relatively new disease that first surfaced in the 1970s. Some experts theorize that excess iodine in commercial cat food is a factor. New research also points to a link between the disease and pop-top cans, and flavors including fish or "giblets." This is a serious disease, and treatment is expensive.
Many nutritional problems appeared with the popularity of cereal-based commercial pet foods. Some have occurred because the diet was incomplete. Although several ingredients are now supplemented, we do not know what ingredients future researchers may discover that should have been supplemented in pet foods all along. Other problems may occur from reactions to additives. Others are a result of contamination with bacteria, mold, drugs, or other toxins. In some diseases the role of commercial pet food is understood; in others, it is not. The bottom line is that diets composed primarily of low quality cereals and rendered meals are not as nutritious or safe as you should expect for your cat or dog.
Pet Food Industry Secrets
Co-Packing
The 2007 Menu Foods recall brought to light some of the pet food industry's dirtiest secrets.
Most people were surprised — and appalled — to learn that all Iams/Eukanuba canned foods are not made by The Iams Company at all. In fact, in 2003 Iams signed an exclusive 10-year contract for the production of 100% of its canned foods by Menu.
This type of deal is called "co-packing." One company makes the food, but puts someone else's label on it. This is a very common arrangement in the pet food industry. It was first illustrated by the Doane's and Diamond recalls, when dozens of private labels were involved. But none were as large or as "reputable" as Iams, Eukanuba, Hill's, Purina, Nutro, and other high-end, so-called "premium" foods.
The big question raised by this arrangement is whether or not there is any real difference between the expensive premium brands and the lowliest generics. The recalled products all contained the suspect ingredient, wheat gluten, but they also all contained by-products of some kind, including specified by-products such as liver or giblets.
It's true that a pet food company that contracts with a co-packer can provide its own ingredients, or it can require the contractor to buy particular ingredients to use in its recipes. But part of the attraction of using a co-packer is that it can buy ingredients in larger bulk than any one pet food maker could on its own, making the process cheaper and the profits larger. It's likely that with many of the ingredients that cross all types of pet foods, those ingredients are the same.
Are one company's products — made in the same plant on the same equipment with ingredients called the same name — really "better" than another's? That's what the makers of expensive brands want you to think. The recalled premium brands claim that Menu makes their foods "according to proprietary recipes using specified ingredients," and that "contract manufacturers must follow strict quality standards." Indeed, the contracts undoubtedly include those points. But out in the real world, things may not go according to plan. How well are machines cleaned between batches, how carefully are ingredients mixed, and just how particular are minimum-wage workers in a dirty smelly job going to be about getting everything just perfect?
Whatever the differences are between cheap and high-end food, one thing is clear. The purchase price of pet food does not always determine whether a pet food is good or bad or even safe. However, the very cheapest foods can be counted on to have the very cheapest ingredients. For example, Ol' Roy, Wal-Mart's store brand, has now been involved in 3 serious recalls.
Menu manufactures canned foods for many companies that weren't affected by the recall, including Nature's Variety, Wellness, Castor & Pollux, Newman's Own Organics, Wysong, Innova, and EaglePack. It's easy to see from their ingredient lists that those products are made from completely different ingredients and proportions. Again, the issue of cleaning the machinery out between batches comes up, but hopefully nothing so lethal will pass from one food to another.
Animal Testing
Another unpleasant practice exposed by this recall is pet food testing on live animals. Menu's own lab animals, who were deliberately fed the tainted food, were the first known victims. Tests began on February 27 (already a week after the first reports); animals started to die painfully from kidney failure a few days later. After the first media reports, Menu quickly changed its story to call these experiments "taste tests." But Menu has done live animal feeding, metabolic energy, palatability, and other tests for Iams and other companies for years. Videotapes reveal the animals' lives in barren metal cages; callous treatment; invasive experiments; and careless cruelty.
Although feeding trials are not required for a food to meet the requirements for labeling a food "complete and balanced," many manufacturers use live animals to perform palatability studies when developing a new pet food. One set of animals is fed a new food while a "control" group is fed a current formula. The total volume eaten is used as a gauge for the palatability of the food. Some companies use feeding trials, which are considered to be a much more accurate assessment of the actual nutritional value of the food. They keep large colonies of dogs and cats for this purpose, or use testing laboratories that have their own animals.
There is a new movement toward using companion animals in their homes for palatability and other studies. In 2006, The Iams Company announced that it was cutting the use of canine and feline lab animals by 70%. While it proclaims this moral victory, the real reasons for this switch are likely financial. Whatever the reasons, it is a very positive step for the animals.
Finally, it is important to remember that the contamination that occurred in the Menu Foods recall could have happened anywhere at any time. It was not Menu's fault; the toxin was unusual and unexpected. All companies have quality control standards and they do test ingredients for common toxins before using them. They also test the final products. However, there is a baseline risk inherent in using the raw materials that go into pet foods. When there are 11 recalls in 12 years, it's clear that "freak occurrences" are the rule, not the exception.
Marketing Magic
A trip down the pet food aisle will boggle the mind with all the wonderful claims made by pet food makers for their repertoire of products. Knowing the nature of the ingredients helps sort out some of the more outrageous claims, but what's the truth behind all this hype?
Niche claims. Indoor cat, canine athlete, Persian, 7-year old, Bloodhound, or a pet with a tender tummy, too much flab, arthritis, or itchy feet — no matter what, there's a food "designed" just for that pet's personal needs. Niche marketing has arrived in a big way in the pet food industry. People like to feel special, and a product with specific appeal is bound to sell better than a general product like "puppy food." The reality is that there are only two basic standards against which all pet foods are measured: adult and growth, which includes gestation and lactation. Everything else is marketing.
"Natural" and "Organic" claims. The definition of "natural" adopted by AAFCO is very broad, and allows for artificially processed ingredients that most of us would consider very unnatural indeed. The term "organic", on the other hand, has a very strict legal definition under the USDA National Organic Program. However, some companies are adept at evading the intent of both of these rules. For instance, the name of the company or product may be intentionally misleading. Some companies use terms such as "Nature" or "Natural" or even "Organic" in the brand name, whether or not their products fit the definitions. Consumers should also be aware that the term "organic" does not imply anything at all about animal welfare; products from cows and chickens can be organic, yet the animals themselves are still just "production units" in enormous factory farms.
Ingredient quality claims. A lot of pet foods claim they contain "human grade" ingredients. This is a completely meaningless term — which is why the pet food companies get away with using it. The same applies to "USDA inspected" or similar phrases. The implication is that the food is made using ingredients that are passed by the USDA for human consumption, but there are many ways around this. For instance, a facility might be USDA-inspected during the day, but the pet food is made at night after the inspector goes home. The use of such terms should be viewed as a "Hype Alert."
"Meat is the first ingredient" claim. A claim that a named meat (chicken, lamb, etc.) is the #1 ingredient is generally seen for dry food. Ingredients are listed on the label by weight, and raw chicken weighs a lot, since contains a lot of water. If you look further down the list, you're likely to see ingredients such as chicken or poultry by-product meal, meat-and-bone meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, or other high-protein meal. Meals have had the fat and water removed, and basically consist of a dry, lightweight protein powder. It doesn't take much raw chicken to weigh more than a great big pile of this powder, so in reality the food is based on the protein meal, with very little "chicken" to be found. This has become a very popular marketing gimmick, even in premium and "health food" type brands. Since just about everybody is now using it, any meaning it may have had is so watered-down that you may just as well ignore it.
Special ingredient claims. Many of the high-end pet foods today rely on the marketing appeal of people-food ingredients such as fruits, herbs, and vegetables. However, the amounts of these items actually present in the food are small; and the items themselves may be scraps and rejects from processors of human foods — not the whole, fresh ingredients they want you to picture. Such ingredients don't provide a significant health benefit and are really a marketing gimmick.
Pet food marketing and advertising has become extremely sophisticated over the last few years. It's important to know what is hype and what is real to make informed decisions about what to feed your pets.
What Consumers Can Do
Write or call pet food companies and the Pet Food Institute and express your concerns about commercial pet foods. Demand that manufacturers improve the quality of ingredients in their products.
Print out a copy of this report for your veterinarian to further his or her knowledge about commercial pet food.
Direct your family and friends with companion animals to this website, to alert them of the dangers of commercial pet food. Print out copies of our Fact Sheet on Selecting a Good Commercial Food. (You may alsodownload this fact sheet as a pdf.)
Stop buying commercial pet food; or at least stop buying dry food. Dry foods have been the subject of many more recalls, and have many adverse health effects. If that is not possible, reduce the quantity of commercial pet food and supplement with fresh, organic foods, especially meat. Purchase one or more of the many books available on pet nutrition and make your own food. Be sure that a veterinarian or a nutritionist has checked the recipes to ensure that they are balanced for long-term use.
If you would like to learn about how to make healthy food for your companion animal, read up on "Sample Diets," which contains simple recipes and important nutritional information.
Please be aware that Born Free USA is not a veterinary hospital, clinic, or service. Born Free USA does not and will not offer any medical advice. If you have concerns about your companion animal's health or nutritional requirements, please consult your veterinarian.
Because pet food manufacturers frequently change the formulations of their products and Born Free USA would not have conducted the necessary testing, we are unable to offer endorsements for particular brands of pet food. Many of our staff choose to make their own pet food or to purchase natural or organic products found in most feed and specialist stores but we cannot recommend brands that would be right for your companion animal or animals.
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Why I chose Pet Protect for Toffee * A lifelong policy that covers ongoing conditions throughout your pet's life* * No exclusions once you're on board* * Up to £6,000 to spend in vet fees each and every year * A wide range of complementary therapies for more treatment options * Up to 50% off clinical diet foods (only insurer in the UK to offer it) * Claims assessed within just 7 days, no quibble, no fuss, by experienced vet nurses * We can pay the vet direct or reimburse you straight into your bank account * Customer service is conveniently located here in the UK
Dissolves organic matter from pet accidents, blood, food and beverages quickly and easily. The biodegradable formula will not harm or discolor carpets or upholstery, or irritate sensitive skin, eyes or noses. Easy to use and requires no rinsing. Ingredients:100% Natural. Enzyme-Based.Size: 33.80 Ounces
Use the Skunk Odor Eliminator to break down the organic odor of skunk spray to eliminate odor on pets and clothing. To use, Shake product Well BeFore Use. To Make Three Cups of the Solution, combine 1/2 Cup of the Product to 2 1/2 Cups of Warm Water. Rinse your Pet with Warm Water and then Apply the Solution While Wet. Let Sit 10 Minutes and then Rinse your pet thoroughly. Apply the solution a second time and then let your pet air dry. For Laundry: Allow garmets to presoak in the solution for 10 minutes. If you have difficultly removing the aroma, rinse with Equal Solution of White Distilled Vinegar and Water, Let Sit 10 Minutes and then Treat Again with Product. The product is Formulated with A Natural Bacteria and Enzyme Process That Actually Breaks Down the Organic Odor of Skunk Spray. It is Ph Balanced and Formulated For Use On Pets. Product contains Purified Water, Natural Bacteria, Enzymes, Non-Ionic Surfactant Blend and a Preservative.
Easily and safely removes tough-to-get-out skunk odors from pets, clothing, carpets and other contaminated surfaces. Fast-acting. Safe and effective formula. CLICK HERE for DETAILSSize: Quart
Unique, synergized blend of all-natural microorganisms eliminates urine, vomit, feces, oils, blood and other organics with a powerful Bio-Enzymatic Action that provides maximum breakdown and removal of odor-producing substances and the build-up they leave behind. Breaks down organic substances at the molecular level to prevent materials from off-gassing and releasing odors. Also features exclusive Odor Suppression Technology (OST). OST is not a cover-up or perfume; it provides immediate elimination of odors at the source and prevents the release of new odors. Scientifically formulated for areas where pet accidents happen. Assists in house-breaking pets by eliminating the residual odors that trigger the marking instinct. Saturate area, rinse with water, allow to dry. Safe for use on all carpets, fabrics, hard surface floors, furniture and upholstery, bedding, crates, carriers, cages, dog runs, even cars. Non-toxic, earth-friendly, biodegradable. Contains no alcohols, harsh chemicals or caustic agents. Pop-up squirt cap.
Overview:Fizzion's award-winning formula is the most powerful cleaning solution on the market to spot-treat pet mess on carpets and most hard surfaces in your home or store. Fizzion's non-toxic, environmentally friendly solution, instantly goes to the root of the stain and the odor, breaks down the bacteria on contact so that it can be solubilized by our unique cleaning solution. Unlike enzymatic cleaners that require long waiting periods to activate, Fizzion works instantly on contact. There is no waiting time - just spray, wipe and watch your stain disappear permanently.How Fizzion Works:Fizzion is comprised of a proprietary blend of cleaners to create an unmatched detergency that removes the two most stubborn components of urine from the material or fabric.The formula includes a bacteria-killing chemical that eradicates existing bacteria that is perpetuating the odor and the discoloration of the stain.To prevent the bacteria from returning, Fizzion's powerful CO2 action makes the normally insoluble uric acid in urine soluble, so that it can be removed from the surface never to return.Product Highlights:Fizzion promotes the use of a reusable spray bottle to prevent landfill waste.Non-toxic formula is safe for pets to sniff or lick.Prevents pets from returning to the same spot to relieve themselves.Easy dissolvable tablets mix up fresh every time you use it.Formula lasts over one year at 100% potency after activation.Can be used on most protein-based stains including red wine and chocolate.Can be used on most fabrics and textiles. How to use Fizzion in just 3 easy steps!Add one Fizzion tablet to 16 oz. of warm tap waterSpray on the stain or dirty surface until wet.Blot gently with a clean towel.Watch your stain and odor disappear!
The Oxy-Strength Formula is a pet odor and stain eliminators. It removes odors and stains forever! Immediately Remove Solid Residues From Carpet and Blot Up Excess Moisture. Liberally Spray Product to Staurate the Carpet and Pad. Let it Sit For 10 Minutes then Blot Up the Stained Area with A Clean Sponge Or Cloth. If Stain Persists After Drying, Repeat. Product has a Spray Trigger For Ease of Use From the Container Or Can Be Used to Refill Smaller Bottles. Product contains Hydrogen Peroxide, Mild Cleaning Agents, Fragrance, Water and Deodorizers.Size: 8 x 11.75 x 4
The Fresh N Clean Solid Odor Deodorizer is used to remove tough pet odors. It can also be used in your car, shoe closet, gym locker, track containers or just about anywhere. To use, Remove Lid and Seal and then Place the Container Near Source of Odor. For Stronger Odors, Remove Product From Container and Place Solid Product On top of Lid to Allow Air Flow Around the Entire Product. The product should be placed when it has shrunk to a small disk.Size: 3.75 x 4 x 2
The Bi-Odor Formula For Small Animals is an internal waste and urine deodorizor for rabbits, guinea pigs, and small animals. It deodorizes your pet's stool, urine, and body odors by simply adding it to your pet's water daily. To use, Shake Well. Mix 3-5 Pumps of Bi-Odor to 16 Oz. of Water. Add Same Dosage of Bi-Odor Every Time Water Is changed. For Food Apply 3-5 Pumps Per Feeding. It is Important Not to Skip Days. Allow 3 Days to Adjust For Your Pet's Taste. Product contains 100% Natural Ingredients -- Deionized Water,aspartic Acid,Threonine,Serine Glutamic Acid,Glycine,Alanine,Valine,Methionine,Isoleucine,Leucine,Tyrosine,Phenylamine,Histidine,Lysine,Arginine,Cysteine,Proline. Sodium Bicarbonate Hydraxypropryl Methellulose, etc.Size: Small
The Cat Litter Deodorizer helps to keep litter fresh and keep soiled litter from sticking to the bottom of the litter box. To use, Just Sprinkle In Clay Or Clumping Litters Daily Or Between Changes. Product is Veterinarian Recommended. Keep Cat Odors From Taking Over Your Home with Arm & Hammer Cat Litter Deodorizer as An Odor-Absorbing Boost to Your Ordinary Clay Or Clumping Litter. It has a Fresh, Clean, Moisture-Activated Fragrance.Color: BlueSize: 12.0 x 11.5 x 5.75
Alen Corporation announced today the release of the new Alen MCP Odor Spray. This new product is a professional odor elimination system specifically designed to remove tobacco smoke, formaldehyde (a common problem with new carpeting), fish and most pet odors from fabrics, upholstery, and carpets. The spray solution doesn't just cover up or mask the odor, it eliminates it though a patented Molecular Conversion Process (MCP) and converts the odor to a non-volatile, odorless solid nearly instantly.
In addition to effectively eliminating odors, the Alen MCP Odor Spray is bio-degradable, non-toxic, and has not been tested on animals.
"Even with effective indoor air quality appliances, the removal of unwanted odors sometimes proves difficult since odors are so complex," says Peter Mann, CEO of Alen Corporation. "We wanted to provide an eco friendly product that was very effective in removing difficult odors such as smoke without masking them. Our odor spray complements our air purifiers very well by attacking the odors at their source."
The Alen MCP Odor Spray is currently available from authorized Alen dealers throughout North America. For more information, visit http://www.alencorp.com.
About Alen Corporation:
Alen Corporation, with offices in Florida and Texas, is a leading manufacturer of innovative products for indoor air quality including HEPA air purifiers, portable air conditioners, and dehumidifiers. Alen Corporation is privately held and upholds high standards of integrity and commitment to its customers. By maintaining a close working relationship with end-users, Alen stays ahead of the changing demands of the marketplace, enabling it to develop leading edge products. For more information, visit www.alencorp.com.
Smoke odor removal can be very difficult in homes, offices, and even vehicles. If you have just purchased a home that smokers had previously lived in, it is really difficult to rid the home of the smell. Many homeowners replace the carpet and even paint the walls, but still cannot seem to get the smell out. For some reason it is one of those scents that seems to just hang in the air forever. Opening the windows helps, but as soon as they are closed again the scent seems to be back. Unfortunately, this scent is not appealing to homeowners or their guests, and can actually make some people feel unwell.
Instead of living in what smells like a smoker's house, there are some steps that you can take. First, before you ever move in you should keep the windows open and the ceiling fans on for as long as possible. It is also a superb idea to have the carpets professionally cleaned, as this can be a great approach to smoke odor removal. Unfortunately, if the smokers that lived in the home before you lived there for a long time, the carpet cleaning will only be a temporary fix. The reason for this is that the smells have probably permeated the carpet padding, so after a few days or weeks the smell will gradually become more and more obvious again.
Your smoke odor removal attempts do not have to be over yet. Many home owners find that simply washing the walls with an antibacterial cleaner can help them cut through the grime on the walls of the home that is contributing to the scents in the home. This can be a long and time consuming process, but washing the walls is often very effective. If this doesn't work, you may want to consider having the walls painted to simply cover up any of the lingering smells. Of course, repainting a whole house can simply replace the smoky smells with paint smells. Painting is also a costly option for most, if they really want to do away with the lingering smells.
Just because your home smells like a smoker's home after all of your attempts does not mean that you have to deal with it or move. Instead, you need to think about getting to the root of the problem, which is the contaminants that are lingering in the air no matter what you do. If you really want to nip your smoke odor removal problem in the bud, consider a Quantum Pure Aire purifier. These air purifiers are state of the art units that can effectively remove unwanted smells from just about any area in less time than you might think. These air purifiers are perfect for use in the home, a car, a boat, and even the office, and come in several different sizes to fit the needs of any consumer. Simply visit http://www.quantumpureaire.com to learn more about how you can clear the air in your home once and for all.
About the Author
http://www.QuantumPureAire.com
is based in Warwick, Rhode Island and is the leading manufacturer of Ozone Air Purifiers. For more info on smoke odor removal and pet odor removal please visit our site.
Nature's Miracle Stain & Odor Removers are guaranteed to permanently eliminate all stains & odors - even urine odors other products fail to remove. Removes all organic stains and odors, including foods, blood, vomit, feces, grease, dirt, grass, smoke and perspiration.
Odor Genie is a solid gel with a layer of charcoal that absorbs and eliminates odors, unlike many air freshners that only mask odors temporarily. Odor Genie's unique formula will begin to dissipate into the air, neutralizing odors and pollutants, creating fresher, cleaner, odor free indoor air. Use it in your home, automobile, office, RV/camper, boat, storage area, gym locker, garage, or basementFeatures: • Solid gel with a layer of charcoal • Absorbs odors in areas up to 300 sq ft. • Non-toxic, biodegradableand environmentally safe • Lasts up to 60 days
Biocide Systems is pleased to announce the release of our doggieCLEEN Skunk 911 Home and Rescue Kits ™ and doggiCLEEN Skunk Spray ™. Our new line of products offers the first ever comprehensive solution to all skunk incidents. Until now, most products in the industry have not been able to completely eliminate skunk odor on dogs or in homes, cars and yards. In fact, many products simply mask the smell instead of getting rid of it.
Now, with Biocide System's selection of EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) approved room and liquid-based odor eliminators and deodorizers, people can easily get rid of pesky skunk odor with a single application. Our new products include:
doggiCLEEN Skunk 911 Home Kit ™ - intended to eliminate skunk odor from dogs that have been sprayed and remove skunk smell from rooms and entire homes. Kit includes: one doggiCLEEN Skunk Spray and one Room Shocker Quick Release.
doggieCLEEN Skunk 911 Rescue Kit ™ - complete solution that is guaranteed to combat skunk odor where ever it is present. This kit eliminates skunk odor lingering in homes, cars and yards. Kit includes: one doggiCLEEN Skunk Spray, one Room Shocker Quick Release, one Auto Vaccine Quick Release and one avanFLEX Liquid Deodorizer.
doggiCLEEN Skunk Spray ™ - highly effective and affordable formula that washes out skunk odor so that people do not have to deal with costly vet bills after their dogs have been sprayed.
Biocide Systems' doggieCLEEN Skunk 911 Kits are a must buy for pet owners, veterinarians and pet suppliers. Biocide Systems expects to have retail packaging for resellers in the pet care industry by December 2009.
When asked about the latest products, Juan Baselli, CEO of Biocide Systems said, "We're so happy with our customer's response to this new product! We sold out of our initial inventory in less than 30 days from our first trial." He isn't the only one who is ecstatic. After trying Room Shocker Quick Release ™, a satisfied customer wrote, "I will admit I was a bit skeptical but I am truly amazed and now a believer. I released two of them last night and no more skunk smell!"
If you would like to learn more about Biocide Systems' doggiCLEEN Skunk 911 Home and Rescue Kits ™ or if you would like to place an order, visit www.BiocideSystems.com.
About Biocides Systems
Biocide Systems is located in Los Angeles, California. Biocide Systems is committed to creating a cleaner, safer and healthier planet for us, our children and future generations. All Biocide products are EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) approved and are 100% guaranteed.
To learn more about Biocide Systems and our skunk odor elimination products, please visit www.BiocideSystems.com or call (877) RX-BIOCIDE. To interview Juan Baselli, contact him directly at: (877)792-4624 ext 3.
1954 What You Should Know About a Woman's Problem of Odor Offense
Image by clotho98
As a female, at "certain times," you stink. Don't worry, it's been going on since pre-historic times. But you really should do something about that. Act like a civilized woman and take ENNDS to absorb those "certain time" odors.
ENNDS advertisement published in the December 1954 issue of Everywoman's Family Circle magazine.
What kind of odors?
Image by trekkyandy
What kind of odors lurk under the protective covers?
How To Painting Tip: Remove Paint Odor
Image by stevegarfield
Prior to painting, pour some vanilla extract into the paint. Dave suggested this and I tried it. See what happens. In the end, I had vanilla White Paint!
Some odors, like cigarette smoke and pet dander, can lurk in your home for days, even weeks. To rid your abode of such unpleasant smells, you’ll need to use a safe and effective fabric deodorizer. Your key objective is to eradicate the scent, not just mask it. Too many odor-elimination techniques simply replace one odor with another more perfumed and equally annoying scent. The added smells only get caught in fabrics, making them harder to clean. Moreover, most odor-masking methods offer only a temporary solution, and can even be a bit dangerous if harsh chemicals are used. So you may be asking if it’s possible to remove disagreeable odors without adding more air pollution to your home or residue to your fabrics. The answer is yes if you use an effective fabric deodorizer properly.
Most people believe that especially pungent smells in large surface areas like furniture, carpets and drapes, require equally strong chemicals to remove them. Your first reaction may be to use a large, bulky steam-cleaning machine. Unfortunately, these giants can actually do the opposite; they can steam-in the odors through the combination of moisture and heat.
Before you use a steam-cleaner, be sure to use a natural fabric and carpet deodorizer. Those that have natural ingredients are best since they pose little danger to you or your home environment. Unlike their chemical counterparts, natural fabric and carpet deodorizers do not cover the scent; instead the blends of natural elements eliminate them. (A great example of a natural fabric and carpet deodorizer is the Fuller "610 Nature's Choice Odor Away.")
You must try to figure out if the odor has crept through the bottom of your carpet and onto the pad. You’ll simply need to lift the carpet to see if there are any obvious stains on the pad. If stains are visible, then clean the pad and carpet backing with fabric deodorizer. If you cannot lift the carpet and you’re pretty sure the cause of the odor has seeped through, then you’ll need to use a syringe to inject fabric deodorizer underneath the carpet and into the padding.
Prior to applying a carpet deodorizer, you must to vacuum the area, and be painstakingly thorough. After you’ve vacuumed, use the carpet deodorizer following the instructions on the product’s label. Most deodorizers can be sprayed directly onto the carpet. After the carpet has dried, simply smell the area for any lingering odors. You may have to repeat this procedure several times before the odor has completely gone.
After the fabric deodorizer has eliminated the odor, then, and only then, may you steam clean, and relax in the knowledge that you won’t be setting-in any permanent odors.
You may use the same methods when cleaning draperies. Because many dry cleaners apply both steam and dry heat, you’ll want to use a fabric deodorizer on your draperies prior to dry cleaning. Simply apply a natural fabric deodorizer to the drapes using a spray bottle and give the draperies time to dry. Test for odors and repeat as necessary.
You may also use Fabric deodorizers on furniture, which is where smells from smoke and pets tend to dwell. Simply vacuum your furniture before applying a deodorizer, and then apply as directed. Quality deodorizers will not discolor the fabric, though you’ll still want to test the product on a hidden area. Also remember that natural fabric deodorizers are not apt to stain.
Some odors that seem to have permanently set-up house, like bad urine stains, will need extra powerful cleanings. In these cases, a good fabric deodorizer used regularly on the problem areas will neutralize the smells, and even prevent your pets from returning to the same areas as they will not have the odor marking the area. Using a fabric deodorizer habitually will keep your house smelling naturally fresh and clean.
Author Vincent Platania represents the Fuller Brush Company.
Fuller Brush has been in business since 1906, and offers safe, environmentally friendly products for keeping your home and your body clean.
Visit http://www.fuller-brush-products.com
Use the Skunk Odor Eliminator to break down the organic odor of skunk spray to eliminate odor on pets and clothing. To use, Shake product Well BeFore Use. To Make Three Cups of the Solution, combine 1/2 Cup of the Product to 2 1/2 Cups of Warm Water. Rinse your Pet with Warm Water and then Apply the Solution While Wet. Let Sit 10 Minutes and then Rinse your pet thoroughly. Apply the solution a second time and then let your pet air dry. For Laundry: Allow garmets to presoak in the solution for 10 minutes. If you have difficultly removing the aroma, rinse with Equal Solution of White Distilled Vinegar and Water, Let Sit 10 Minutes and then Treat Again with Product. The product is Formulated with A Natural Bacteria and Enzyme Process That Actually Breaks Down the Organic Odor of Skunk Spray. It is Ph Balanced and Formulated For Use On Pets. Product contains Purified Water, Natural Bacteria, Enzymes, Non-Ionic Surfactant Blend and a Preservative.
Easily and safely removes tough-to-get-out skunk odors from pets, clothing, carpets and other contaminated surfaces. Fast-acting. Safe and effective formula. CLICK HERE for DETAILSSize: Quart
Unique, synergized blend of all-natural microorganisms eliminates urine, vomit, feces, oils, blood and other organics with a powerful Bio-Enzymatic Action that provides maximum breakdown and removal of odor-producing substances and the build-up they leave behind. Breaks down organic substances at the molecular level to prevent materials from off-gassing and releasing odors. Also features exclusive Odor Suppression Technology (OST). OST is not a cover-up or perfume; it provides immediate elimination of odors at the source and prevents the release of new odors. Scientifically formulated for areas where pet accidents happen. Assists in house-breaking pets by eliminating the residual odors that trigger the marking instinct. Saturate area, rinse with water, allow to dry. Safe for use on all carpets, fabrics, hard surface floors, furniture and upholstery, bedding, crates, carriers, cages, dog runs, even cars. Non-toxic, earth-friendly, biodegradable. Contains no alcohols, harsh chemicals or caustic agents. Pop-up squirt cap.
Dissolves organic matter from pet accidents, blood, food and beverages quickly and easily. The biodegradable formula will not harm or discolor carpets or upholstery, or irritate sensitive skin, eyes or noses. Easy to use and requires no rinsing. Ingredients:100% Natural. Enzyme-Based.Size: 33.80 Ounces
(Click On Image To Enlarge View) Features: O-Liminator™ is the newest and easiest way to tackle bacteria, odor and moisture buildup. Helps reduce bacteria buildup Manages moisture Lasts up to 60 Days Test studies and testimonials have proven O-Liminator™ to work better than alcohol and other bacteria and enzyme based products. The dry pellet packets are easier-to-use than liquid or spray formulas. The beauty is you pull the packets out when you are ready to use your gear, and put them back in when you are finished. Made from a multi-component compound of aromatic ingredients and utilizes the "5-B's-smell-fighter" technology that STOPS smells in their tracks Recommended for use in sports bags, shoes, sneakers, work boots, cars, closets, lockers, athletic gear, or around the house where odors may exist. Use each packet simultaneously, or store the balance in the handy screw-off plastic barrier proof container for later use. (Stored packets may last up to one year.) Available scents are P
(Click On Image To Enlarge View) Features: O-Liminator™ is the newest and easiest way to tackle bacteria, odor and moisture buildup. Helps reduce bacteria buildup Manages moisture Lasts up to 60 Days Test studies and testimonials have proven O-Liminator™ to work better than alcohol and other bacteria and enzyme based products. The dry pellet packets are easier-to-use than liquid or spray formulas. The beauty is you pull the packets out when you are ready to use your gear, and put them back in when you are finished. Made from a multi-component compound of aromatic ingredients and utilizes the "5-B's-smell-fighter" technology that STOPS smells in their tracks Recommended for use in sports bags, shoes, sneakers, work boots, cars, closets, lockers, athletic gear, or around the house where odors may exist. Use each packet simultaneously, or store the balance in the handy screw-off plastic barrier proof container for later use. (Stored packets may last up to one year.) Available scents are P
Surco Bike Rack Accessories in stock now! Read Surco Eliminator AS100 customer reviews. AutoAccessoriesGarage.com has the best selection of Surco Bike Racks at the lowest prices around. Surco Eliminator AS100 are chosen by auto enthusiasts everywhere to personalize their vehicles. Surco Bike Rack Accessories available now at AutoAccessoriesGarage.
Microbial solution specially formulated to help reduce and eliminate a wide range of odors associated with animal waste and urine. Not an odor cover-up, but an odor eliminator. The stall smell from urine is actually ammonia from urea, which can be harmful to animals' health when continuously exposed. Plus, eliminating the smell can help reduce flies. Microbes get to work fast, breaking down and consuming organics that cause unpleasant smell and unhealthy ammonia build-up in confined areas. Safe for use in all livestock and pet areas, indoors and out. Ideal for bedding areas, kennels, trailers, trucks, fair arenas and more. For best results use daily.Concentrate:Just dilute 4 oz in 2-3 gal pump up sprayer with water or 1/2 oz in 32 oz sprayer with water, generously spray stalls. Once diluted, must be used within 60 days. 4 oz will treat 5 stalls or 30 kennels for one month; makes 2.5 gal.Ready-to-Use Spraywill treat one stall for one month.Size: 4 Oz
US $14.94
